What is Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis is a type of lung disease characterized by inflammation of the lung tissue due to an immune response triggered by exposure to certain environmental substances. It is also known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis.

When a person with hypersensitivity pneumonitis inhales substances like dust, mold, animal dander, or certain chemicals, their immune system overreacts and causes inflammation in the lungs. This inflammation can lead to symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and fatigue.

The condition can be acute, subacute, or chronic, depending on the duration and intensity of exposure. Acute cases typically occur within hours of exposure, while subacute and chronic cases develop over a longer period of time.

Diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis involves a thorough evaluation of the patient's medical history, physical examination, lung function tests, and imaging studies like chest X-rays or CT scans. In some cases, a lung biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment involves identifying and avoiding the triggering substances. Medications such as corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms. In severe cases, oxygen therapy or lung transplantation may be considered.

Early recognition and management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis are crucial to prevent further lung damage and improve the patient's quality of life.