Hyperthyroidism, also known as overactive thyroid, is a medical condition characterized by the excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. This condition leads to an accelerated metabolism and various symptoms that can significantly impact an individual's health and well-being.
There are several synonyms used to describe hyperthyroidism, which can help in understanding the condition better. One common synonym is thyrotoxicosis, which refers to the toxic effects of excessive thyroid hormone levels in the body. Another synonym is overactive thyroid, which highlights the increased activity of the thyroid gland.
Hyperthyroidism can manifest through a range of signs and symptoms. These may include unexplained weight loss, rapid or irregular heartbeat, increased appetite, anxiety, irritability, tremors, heat intolerance, excessive sweating, fatigue, muscle weakness, and changes in menstrual patterns for women.
Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. It is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to its overactivity. Other causes of hyperthyroidism include thyroid nodules, thyroiditis, and certain medications.
Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels, such as T3 and T4, along with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, are commonly performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment options for hyperthyroidism aim to reduce the production of thyroid hormones, control symptoms, and prevent complications. They may include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or in some cases, surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.
It is important for individuals with hyperthyroidism to receive ongoing medical care to monitor their thyroid hormone levels, manage symptoms, and ensure optimal thyroid function. Regular follow-up visits with healthcare professionals are crucial to adjust treatment as needed and maintain overall well-being.