What is Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a medical condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, which fails to produce enough thyroid hormones to meet the body's needs. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and various bodily functions.

Symptoms of hypothyroidism may include fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, constipation, depression, and muscle weakness. It can also lead to cognitive impairment and affect heart health if left untreated.

Causes of hypothyroidism can vary, with the most common being an autoimmune disease called Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Other causes include certain medications, radiation therapy, congenital factors, and iodine deficiency.

Diagnosis of hypothyroidism involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels. Treatment typically involves lifelong hormone replacement therapy using synthetic thyroid hormones.

Complications can arise if hypothyroidism is not managed properly. These may include heart problems, infertility, birth defects, and myxedema, a rare but life-threatening condition.

If you suspect you have hypothyroidism, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.