IgA nephropathy, also known as Berger's disease, is a kidney disorder characterized by the accumulation of a protein called immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the kidneys. This condition can lead to inflammation and damage to the kidney tissues, impairing their ability to filter waste products and excess fluid from the blood. The symptoms of IgA nephropathy can vary from person to person, and some individuals may not experience any symptoms at all. However, when symptoms do occur, they can range from mild to severe. It is important to note that the presence and severity of symptoms do not necessarily correlate with the extent of kidney damage.
Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is the most common symptom of IgA nephropathy. It may be visible to the naked eye, causing the urine to appear pink, red, or brown, or it may only be detected through microscopic examination. Hematuria can occur during or shortly after an upper respiratory or gastrointestinal infection, which is often the trigger for IgA nephropathy symptoms. In some cases, the presence of blood in the urine may be intermittent, making it difficult to detect without regular urine tests.
Proteinuria refers to the presence of excess protein in the urine. In IgA nephropathy, the damaged kidneys may allow proteins, particularly albumin, to leak into the urine. Proteinuria can cause foamy or frothy urine and may be detected through a urine dipstick test or a 24-hour urine collection. The severity of proteinuria can vary, ranging from mild to severe, and it may be an indication of the progression of kidney damage.
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a common symptom of IgA nephropathy. The damaged kidneys struggle to regulate blood pressure, leading to an increase in blood pressure levels. Hypertension can further damage the kidneys and accelerate the progression of IgA nephropathy. It is important to monitor and manage blood pressure levels to reduce the risk of complications.
Swelling, medically known as edema, can occur in individuals with IgA nephropathy. Edema is often most noticeable in the legs, ankles, feet, and face. It is caused by the impaired ability of the kidneys to remove excess fluid from the body. Swelling may worsen throughout the day, especially in hot weather or after prolonged periods of standing or sitting.
Fatigue is a common symptom experienced by individuals with IgA nephropathy. The damaged kidneys are less efficient at filtering waste products from the blood, leading to a buildup of toxins and metabolic waste. This can result in a feeling of constant tiredness and lack of energy. Anemia, which can occur due to decreased production of red blood cells, may also contribute to fatigue.
Some individuals with IgA nephropathy may experience abdominal or flank pain. This pain is typically dull and aching and may be caused by kidney inflammation or the presence of kidney stones. The pain may be intermittent or persistent and can vary in intensity.
Individuals with IgA nephropathy may be more prone to recurrent infections, particularly upper respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. These infections can trigger episodes of hematuria and worsen kidney inflammation. It is important to promptly treat any infections to minimize their impact on kidney function.
Another symptom that may be observed in IgA nephropathy is the presence of foam in the urine. This occurs due to the increased protein content in the urine, which can create bubbles when the urine is agitated. The foam may persist even after the urine has settled.
If you experience any of these symptoms or have concerns about your kidney health, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate management. Early detection and intervention can help slow the progression of IgA nephropathy and reduce the risk of complications.