What is IgA nephropathy

IgA nephropathy, also known as Berger's disease, is a kidney disorder characterized by the accumulation of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the kidneys. IgA is an antibody that helps the body fight infections, but in this condition, it mistakenly deposits in the glomeruli, which are the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood.

IgA nephropathy often presents with no symptoms in its early stages, but as the disease progresses, it can lead to various complications. The most common symptom is blood in the urine, which may appear during or after an upper respiratory or gastrointestinal infection. Other signs include foamy urine, high blood pressure, and swelling in the hands, feet, or face.

The exact cause of IgA nephropathy is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It predominantly affects young adults and can lead to chronic kidney disease over time.

Diagnosis of IgA nephropathy involves urine and blood tests, as well as a kidney biopsy to confirm the presence of IgA deposits. Treatment options aim to slow the progression of the disease and manage symptoms. Medications, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and prevent further kidney damage. Lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet, exercise, and blood pressure control, are also important in managing the condition.

Regular monitoring of kidney function and blood pressure is crucial for individuals with IgA nephropathy to detect any changes and adjust treatment accordingly. In some cases, kidney transplantation may be necessary if the disease progresses to end-stage renal failure.