Which are the symptoms of Keratomalacia?

Keratomalacia is a severe eye condition that primarily affects the cornea, the transparent front part of the eye. It is caused by a deficiency of vitamin A, which is essential for maintaining the health of the cornea and overall eye function. Keratomalacia is most commonly observed in developing countries where malnutrition and inadequate dietary intake of vitamin A are prevalent.

Symptoms:

The symptoms of keratomalacia can vary in severity depending on the stage of the condition. Early signs may include:

• Night blindness: One of the initial symptoms of keratomalacia is difficulty seeing in low light conditions or at night. This occurs due to the impaired ability of the retina to convert light into visual signals.


• Dryness and redness: The eyes may become dry, itchy, and red. This is a result of the cornea losing its ability to produce tears and maintain proper lubrication.


• Photophobia: Individuals with keratomalacia often experience sensitivity to light, making it uncomfortable to be in brightly lit environments.


• Blurred vision: As the condition progresses, vision becomes increasingly blurry. This blurriness can affect both near and distance vision.

If left untreated, keratomalacia can lead to more severe symptoms, including:

• Corneal ulcers: The cornea may develop open sores or ulcers, which can be painful and increase the risk of infection.


• Corneal melting: In advanced stages, the cornea may start to melt or break down, leading to a perforation or rupture. This is a sight-threatening complication.


• Blindness: Without prompt intervention, keratomalacia can ultimately result in permanent vision loss or blindness.

Diagnosis and Treatment:

If keratomalacia is suspected, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention from an eye care professional. The diagnosis is typically made through a comprehensive eye examination, including a detailed medical history and assessment of symptoms.

The primary treatment for keratomalacia involves addressing the underlying vitamin A deficiency. This is often achieved through oral or intramuscular vitamin A supplementation, depending on the severity of the condition. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary for close monitoring and administration of high-dose vitamin A.

In addition to vitamin A supplementation, supportive measures may be employed to alleviate symptoms and promote healing. These can include lubricating eye drops or ointments to combat dryness, antibiotics to prevent or treat infections, and protective eyewear to shield the eyes from further damage.

Prevention:

Preventing keratomalacia primarily involves ensuring an adequate intake of vitamin A through a balanced diet. Foods rich in vitamin A include carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, kale, mangoes, and liver. In some cases, vitamin A supplementation programs may be implemented in high-risk populations to prevent deficiencies.

Regular eye examinations and early intervention are crucial in managing keratomalacia and preventing its complications. If any symptoms of keratomalacia are experienced, it is essential to consult with an eye care professional promptly.