What are kidney stones

Kidney stones are solid deposits that form in the kidneys when certain substances in the urine become highly concentrated. These substances can include calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine. The stones vary in size and shape, ranging from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball.

Symptoms: Kidney stones often cause severe pain, which can be felt in the lower back or side of the abdomen. Other symptoms may include blood in the urine, frequent urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and a persistent need to urinate.

Causes: Several factors contribute to the formation of kidney stones, including dehydration, certain medical conditions, family history, and dietary choices. High intake of oxalate-rich foods (such as spinach, chocolate, and nuts), excessive salt or sugar consumption, and inadequate fluid intake can increase the risk of developing kidney stones.

Treatment: Treatment options depend on the size and location of the kidney stones. Small stones may pass on their own through increased fluid intake and pain management. Larger stones may require medical intervention, such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopy, or surgical removal.

Prevention: To reduce the risk of kidney stone formation, it is important to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day. Additionally, maintaining a balanced diet, limiting salt and sugar intake, and avoiding excessive consumption of oxalate-rich foods can help prevent the recurrence of kidney stones.