What is the prevalence of Leprosy?

Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. Leprosy has been a significant public health concern throughout history, but its prevalence has significantly decreased over the years due to effective treatment and control measures.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global prevalence of leprosy has steadily declined from 5.2 million cases in the 1980s to around 176,176 cases by the end of 2019. Although leprosy is now considered eliminated as a public health problem in most countries, it remains endemic in certain regions, particularly in parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

Early detection and timely treatment with multidrug therapy (MDT) are crucial in controlling leprosy. MDT, provided free of charge by WHO, has been highly effective in curing leprosy and preventing disability. However, challenges such as stigma, discrimination, and limited access to healthcare services still persist, hindering efforts to completely eradicate the disease.

Efforts are ongoing to further reduce the prevalence of leprosy and improve the quality of life for those affected. Continued surveillance, early case detection, and comprehensive healthcare services are essential in achieving the ultimate goal of a leprosy-free world.