Which are the symptoms of Leprosy?

Symptoms of Leprosy

Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and the eyes. Leprosy is a slow-progressing disease that can take years to manifest noticeable symptoms. The symptoms can vary widely depending on the type and stage of the disease.

Early Symptoms:

In the early stages, leprosy may present with the following symptoms:

• Skin Lesions: The appearance of pale or reddish skin patches with reduced sensation is one of the earliest signs of leprosy. These patches may be hypopigmented or erythematous and may have decreased sweating.


• Numbness and Tingling: Affected areas may experience numbness, tingling, or a loss of sensation. This can lead to injuries or burns going unnoticed, increasing the risk of secondary infections.


• Thickened Nerves: Nerves close to the skin's surface may become enlarged and thickened, particularly in the cooler areas of the body such as the hands, feet, and face.

Advanced Symptoms:

As leprosy progresses, more severe symptoms may develop:

• Loss of Sensation: The loss of sensation can extend to the hands, feet, and limbs, leading to a lack of coordination and muscle weakness.


• Muscle Weakness: The muscles may become weak and atrophied, resulting in a loss of function and deformities.


• Eye Problems: Leprosy can affect the eyes, causing dryness, reduced blinking, and eventual blindness if left untreated.


• Thickened Skin: In some cases, the skin may become thick, dry, and scaly, particularly on the face.


• Ulcers and Nodules: Open sores and nodules may develop on the skin, which can be prone to secondary infections.


• Deformities: Without proper treatment, leprosy can lead to permanent deformities, such as claw-like hands, foot drop, and facial changes.

Other Symptoms:

In addition to the physical symptoms, leprosy can also have psychological and social impacts on individuals. The stigma associated with the disease can lead to social isolation, discrimination, and mental health issues.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing further complications and reducing transmission. If you suspect you or someone you know may have leprosy, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.