What is Malignant hyperthermia

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition triggered by certain medications used during general anesthesia. It is characterized by a rapid rise in body temperature, muscle rigidity, and a fast heart rate. MH is primarily caused by a genetic mutation that affects the regulation of calcium in muscle cells. When exposed to triggering agents, such as certain inhalational anesthetics or muscle relaxants, individuals with this mutation can experience a severe reaction.

Early recognition and prompt treatment are crucial in managing MH. Anesthesia providers are trained to identify the signs and symptoms, including a sudden increase in carbon dioxide production, acidosis, and muscle rigidity. Immediate actions involve stopping the administration of triggering agents, providing 100% oxygen, and initiating specific medications to counteract the reaction. Cooling measures may also be employed to lower body temperature.

MH is a medical emergency that requires a coordinated response from the healthcare team. If left untreated, it can lead to complications like organ damage, cardiac arrest, and even death. Therefore, it is essential for healthcare professionals to be aware of a patient's susceptibility to MH and take appropriate precautions to prevent its occurrence during anesthesia.