What are Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs)

Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) are abnormal blood vessels that develop in individuals with certain congenital heart defects, such as pulmonary atresia or tetralogy of Fallot. These collateral arteries serve as alternative pathways for blood flow between the aorta and the pulmonary arteries, bypassing the normal pulmonary circulation.

MAPCAs typically arise from the descending aorta and supply blood to the lungs. They can vary in number, size, and location, and their presence can significantly impact the management and treatment of congenital heart defects. The development of MAPCAs is a compensatory mechanism that allows oxygenated blood to reach the lungs despite the obstruction or absence of a normal pulmonary artery.

Diagnosis of MAPCAs is usually made through imaging techniques such as echocardiography, cardiac MRI, or cardiac catheterization. Treatment options depend on the specific heart defect and the severity of the collateral arteries. Surgical interventions, such as ligation or embolization of the MAPCAs, may be necessary to redirect blood flow and optimize pulmonary circulation.

Managing MAPCAs requires a multidisciplinary approach involving pediatric cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, and interventional radiologists to ensure the best possible outcomes for patients with congenital heart defects.