Meige Syndrome, also known as Brueghel Syndrome or Cranial Dystonia, is a rare neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and spasms in the face and neck region. These symptoms are typically bilateral, affecting both sides of the body, and can significantly impact a person's quality of life.
The condition was first described by French neurologist Henri Meige in 1910, hence the name Meige Syndrome. It primarily affects middle-aged or elderly individuals, with women being slightly more prone to developing the disorder than men.
Meige Syndrome is often associated with a combination of two specific types of dystonia: blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia. Blepharospasm refers to the involuntary closure of the eyelids, leading to excessive blinking or even forced eye closure. Oromandibular dystonia involves spasms in the muscles responsible for jaw movement, causing difficulties in speaking, chewing, and swallowing.
While Meige Syndrome is the most commonly used term, it is also referred to as Brueghel Syndrome due to its resemblance to the facial expressions depicted in some of the paintings by Flemish artist Pieter Brueghel the Elder. The term cranial dystonia is another synonym used to describe the disorder, emphasizing the involvement of the cranial region.
Treatment options for Meige Syndrome include a combination of medications, such as muscle relaxants and botulinum toxin injections, to alleviate the symptoms. In some cases, surgical interventions may be considered for more severe or refractory cases. Additionally, supportive therapies like physical therapy, speech therapy, and counseling can help individuals manage the challenges associated with the condition.