What is Microvillus Inclusion Disease

Microvillus Inclusion Disease (MVID) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the small intestine, leading to severe diarrhea and malabsorption. It is typically diagnosed in newborns or infants within the first few days or weeks of life. MVID is characterized by the presence of abnormal structures called microvillus inclusions in the cells lining the intestine.

The main symptoms of MVID include chronic, watery diarrhea that is often life-threatening due to dehydration and malnutrition. Infants with MVID fail to gain weight and may experience electrolyte imbalances. The condition is caused by mutations in specific genes that are involved in the formation and function of microvilli, which are tiny projections on the surface of intestinal cells that aid in nutrient absorption.

Management of MVID involves supportive care to address the symptoms and complications. This may include intravenous fluids to maintain hydration, specialized nutrition through total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and sometimes intestinal transplantation in severe cases. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing long-term complications.