Which are the symptoms of Moyamoya?

Symptoms of Moyamoya

Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disorder characterized by the progressive narrowing and blockage of the major blood vessels supplying the brain. This condition leads to the development of collateral blood vessels, which are fragile and prone to bleeding. The term "moyamoya" means "puff of smoke" in Japanese, describing the appearance of these abnormal blood vessels on imaging studies.

The symptoms of Moyamoya can vary depending on the age of onset, the severity of the disease, and the areas of the brain affected. The most common symptoms include:

1. Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs) and Strokes: TIAs are temporary episodes of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain. Strokes, on the other hand, occur when blood flow to the brain is completely blocked, leading to permanent damage. Both TIAs and strokes can manifest as weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, and loss of coordination.



2. Seizures: Moyamoya disease can cause seizures, which are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain. Seizures may present as convulsions, loss of consciousness, or abnormal movements.



3. Headaches: Headaches are a common symptom of Moyamoya, particularly in children. These headaches can be severe and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light or sound.



4. Cognitive and Behavioral Changes: Moyamoya can affect cognitive function, leading to difficulties with memory, attention, and problem-solving. Behavioral changes, such as irritability, depression, and personality changes, may also occur.



5. Weakness or Paralysis: As the disease progresses, individuals with Moyamoya may experience weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, similar to the symptoms of a stroke.



6. Visual Disturbances: Moyamoya can affect the blood vessels supplying the visual pathways in the brain, leading to visual disturbances such as blurred vision, double vision, or even vision loss.



7. Speech and Language Problems: Moyamoya disease can cause difficulties with speech and language, including slurred speech, difficulty finding words, or problems understanding spoken or written language.



8. Developmental Delay: In children, Moyamoya can result in developmental delays, including delays in reaching developmental milestones such as sitting, crawling, or walking.



9. Other Neurological Symptoms: Depending on the areas of the brain affected by Moyamoya, individuals may experience additional neurological symptoms such as dizziness, balance problems, sensory changes, or involuntary movements.

If you or someone you know is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the symptoms, prevent further complications, and improve the overall prognosis for individuals with Moyamoya disease.