Which are the causes of Myelodysplastic Syndromes?

Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) are a group of disorders characterized by abnormal production of blood cells in the bone marrow. The exact cause of MDS is not fully understood, but several factors have been identified as potential contributors to the development of this condition.

1. Aging: The risk of developing MDS increases with age, and it is more commonly diagnosed in individuals over the age of 60. As we age, our bone marrow becomes less efficient in producing healthy blood cells, making us more susceptible to MDS.

2. Genetic Mutations: Certain genetic mutations have been associated with an increased risk of developing MDS. These mutations can affect the normal functioning of blood cells and their ability to mature properly. Some of the genes commonly implicated in MDS include TP53, SF3B1, and TET2.

3. Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors has been linked to the development of MDS. Prolonged exposure to chemicals such as benzene, pesticides, and heavy metals like lead or mercury may increase the risk of developing MDS. Radiation therapy or chemotherapy for previous cancer treatment can also be a contributing factor.

4. Inherited Disorders: In some cases, MDS can be inherited from parents who carry certain genetic abnormalities. These inherited disorders, such as Fanconi anemia or Diamond-Blackfan anemia, can predispose individuals to develop MDS later in life.

5. Previous Cancer Treatment: Some individuals who have undergone chemotherapy or radiation therapy for previous cancers may develop MDS as a late complication of their treatment. The exposure to these treatments can damage the bone marrow and lead to the development of MDS.

6. Unknown Factors: Despite extensive research, there are still unknown factors that contribute to the development of MDS. It is believed that a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers may play a role in the development of this condition.

It is important to note that while these factors may increase the risk of developing MDS, not everyone exposed to them will develop the condition. MDS is a complex disorder with multiple contributing factors, and further research is needed to fully understand its causes.