Which are the symptoms of Noma?

Noma, also known as cancrum oris, is a severe and devastating infectious disease that primarily affects the face, particularly the mouth and surrounding tissues. It is a rapidly progressing condition that can lead to extensive tissue destruction and disfigurement if left untreated. Noma is most commonly found in children living in poverty-stricken areas with limited access to healthcare and proper nutrition.

The symptoms of Noma can vary depending on the stage of the disease:

1. Initial stage: Noma often starts with non-specific symptoms, making early diagnosis challenging. However, some common signs include:

• General malaise and weakness


• Fever


• Loss of appetite


• Swollen and painful gums


• Redness and inflammation of the oral mucosa

2. Acute stage: If left untreated, Noma progresses rapidly and enters the acute stage. During this phase, the following symptoms become more pronounced:

• Severe pain in the affected area


• Formation of ulcers or sores in the mouth


• Bad breath (halitosis)


• Excessive salivation


• Difficulty in opening the mouth (trismus)


• Swelling and inflammation of the face


• Discharge of pus or foul-smelling fluid from the mouth

3. Gangrenous stage: If Noma continues to progress, it enters the gangrenous stage, which is characterized by:

• Extensive tissue destruction and necrosis


• Formation of black, dead tissue (gangrene)


• Exposure of underlying bone


• Severe facial disfigurement


• Secondary bacterial infections


• Systemic complications, such as sepsis

It is important to note that Noma is a medical emergency and requires immediate intervention. If you suspect someone may have Noma or exhibit any of the aforementioned symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the chances of survival and reduce the long-term consequences of the disease.

Noma is a devastating condition that highlights the importance of access to healthcare, proper nutrition, and improved living conditions. Efforts to prevent and treat Noma involve a multidisciplinary approach, including medical interventions, nutritional support, and oral hygiene education.