Ollier disease, also known as enchondromatosis, is a rare non-hereditary skeletal disorder characterized by the development of multiple benign cartilage tumors called enchondromas. These growths primarily affect the long bones of the limbs, such as the femur and tibia, but can also occur in the hands and feet.
Enchondromas are typically diagnosed during childhood and may continue to develop until skeletal maturity. They often appear as painless swellings or bumps beneath the skin, which can lead to skeletal deformities or limb length discrepancies if they grow near growth plates.
The exact cause of Ollier disease is unknown, and it typically occurs sporadically without a family history. While most cases are isolated, a small percentage of individuals may develop multiple enchondromas as part of a related condition called Maffucci syndrome.
Diagnosis of Ollier disease involves imaging techniques like X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans to visualize the enchondromas and assess their impact on bone structure. Biopsies may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out malignancy.
Treatment for Ollier disease focuses on managing symptoms and complications. Surgical intervention may be necessary if the enchondromas cause bone fractures, impair joint function, or lead to significant deformities. Regular monitoring is essential to detect any potential malignant transformation of the enchondromas.