Which are the causes of Pars Planitis?

Pars planitis, also known as intermediate uveitis, is a relatively rare inflammatory eye condition that primarily affects the middle part of the eye called the pars plana. The exact cause of pars planitis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a result of an autoimmune response, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues.

Autoimmune disorders: One of the main causes of pars planitis is the presence of an underlying autoimmune disorder. Conditions such as multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and Crohn's disease have been associated with an increased risk of developing pars planitis. In these cases, the immune system mistakenly targets the eye tissues, leading to inflammation and the characteristic symptoms of the condition.

Infections: Certain infections have also been linked to the development of pars planitis. Viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus, as well as bacterial infections like Lyme disease, can trigger an immune response that affects the eye. These infections may act as a trigger for the autoimmune response seen in pars planitis.

Genetic factors: There is evidence to suggest that genetics may play a role in the development of pars planitis. Some studies have shown a familial predisposition to the condition, indicating that certain genetic factors may increase the susceptibility to developing pars planitis. However, the specific genes involved have not been identified yet.

Environmental factors: While the exact environmental triggers for pars planitis are not known, some studies have suggested a potential association with exposure to certain toxins or allergens. However, more research is needed to establish a definitive link between environmental factors and the development of pars planitis.

Other factors: Pars planitis can also occur as a result of trauma to the eye or as a complication of other eye conditions, such as retinal detachment or cataracts. Additionally, it has been observed that pars planitis tends to affect younger individuals, with most cases diagnosed in people between the ages of 20 and 50.

It is important to note that while the causes of pars planitis are not fully understood, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help manage the condition and prevent complications. If you experience any symptoms such as blurred vision, floaters, eye pain, or redness, it is crucial to seek medical attention from an ophthalmologist for a proper evaluation and treatment.