Which are the symptoms of Pectus excavatum?

Symptoms of Pectus Excavatum

Pectus excavatum, also known as funnel chest, is a congenital condition characterized by an abnormal inward curvature of the sternum and ribcage. This results in a sunken or caved-in appearance of the chest. While the severity of symptoms can vary, individuals with pectus excavatum may experience a range of physical and psychological effects.

Physical Symptoms

The physical symptoms of pectus excavatum can manifest differently in each individual. Some common physical symptoms include:

• Caved-in Chest: The most noticeable symptom is the sunken appearance of the chest. The sternum and ribcage may appear concave, creating a hollowed-out or funnel-like shape.


• Visible Rib Flare: In some cases, the ribs may flare outwards, creating a protrusion or bulge on the sides of the chest.


• Cardiovascular Issues: Severe cases of pectus excavatum can compress the heart and lungs, potentially leading to cardiovascular problems. This may cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and reduced exercise tolerance.


• Posture Abnormalities: The abnormal chest shape can affect posture, leading to rounded shoulders, a hunched back, and an overall slouched appearance.


• Difficulty Breathing: Some individuals with pectus excavatum may experience breathing difficulties, especially during physical exertion or when lying flat. This can result in reduced lung capacity and decreased oxygen intake.


• Gastrointestinal Issues: In rare cases, pectus excavatum may be associated with gastrointestinal problems such as reflux or difficulty swallowing.

Psychological and Emotional Symptoms

Pectus excavatum can also have psychological and emotional effects on individuals, particularly due to the visible deformity and potential impact on self-esteem. Some psychological symptoms may include:

• Body Image Concerns: The physical appearance of pectus excavatum can lead to body image issues, self-consciousness, and a negative impact on self-esteem.


• Psychological Distress: Some individuals may experience anxiety, depression, or social withdrawal due to the psychological burden of living with a visible deformity.


• Impact on Daily Activities: In severe cases, pectus excavatum can limit physical activities and participation in sports, leading to feelings of exclusion or frustration.


• Peer Relationships: Children and adolescents with pectus excavatum may face teasing, bullying, or social isolation, which can further contribute to psychological distress.

Treatment Options

While mild cases of pectus excavatum may not require treatment, severe cases that cause significant physical or psychological symptoms may benefit from intervention. Treatment options include:

• Non-Surgical Approaches: Physical therapy, chest wall exercises, and bracing techniques can help improve posture, strengthen muscles, and potentially minimize the appearance of pectus excavatum.


• Surgical Correction: In more severe cases, surgery may be recommended to correct the deformity. The most common surgical procedure is the Nuss procedure, which involves placing a curved metal bar beneath the sternum to reshape the chest. Another surgical option is the Ravitch procedure, which involves removing the abnormal cartilage and repositioning the sternum.

It is important for individuals with pectus excavatum to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on the severity of symptoms and individual circumstances.