Which are the causes of Pituitary tumour?

Causes of Pituitary Tumour

A pituitary tumor, also known as a pituitary adenoma, is an abnormal growth in the pituitary gland, which is a small gland located at the base of the brain. These tumors can be noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). While the exact cause of pituitary tumors is often unknown, several factors have been identified that may contribute to their development.

Hormonal Imbalances

Hormonal imbalances are believed to play a significant role in the development of pituitary tumors. The pituitary gland produces and regulates various hormones that control important bodily functions. When there is an imbalance in these hormones, it can lead to the formation of tumors. For example, an excess of growth hormone can cause a pituitary tumor called acromegaly, while an overproduction of prolactin can result in a tumor called prolactinoma.

Genetic Factors

Genetic factors may also contribute to the development of pituitary tumors. Certain inherited conditions, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and Carney complex, have been associated with an increased risk of developing pituitary tumors. These conditions are caused by specific gene mutations that can predispose individuals to tumor formation in various glands, including the pituitary gland.

Radiation Exposure

Radiation exposure to the head and neck area is another potential cause of pituitary tumors. This can occur due to previous radiation therapy for other conditions, such as brain tumors or leukemia. The radiation can damage the cells in the pituitary gland, leading to the development of tumors over time. However, it is important to note that radiation-induced pituitary tumors are relatively rare.

Age and Gender

Age and gender can also influence the development of pituitary tumors. These tumors are more commonly diagnosed in adults, particularly between the ages of 30 and 50. However, they can occur at any age, including in children. Additionally, certain types of pituitary tumors, such as prolactinomas, are more frequently seen in women than in men.

Other Factors

While less common, other factors that may contribute to the development of pituitary tumors include:

• Endocrine disorders: Certain endocrine disorders, such as Cushing's disease or gigantism, can increase the risk of pituitary tumor formation.


• Medications: Some medications, such as certain antipsychotics or hormone replacement therapies, have been associated with an increased risk of pituitary tumors.


• Head injuries: Severe head injuries or trauma to the head may potentially trigger the development of pituitary tumors.

It is important to note that in many cases, the exact cause of pituitary tumors remains unknown. These tumors often develop spontaneously without any identifiable risk factors. If you suspect you may have a pituitary tumor or are experiencing symptoms related to hormonal imbalances, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.