Which are the symptoms of POEMS syndrome?

Symptoms of POEMS Syndrome

POEMS syndrome is a rare disorder that affects multiple systems in the body. The name POEMS is an acronym for the key features of the syndrome: Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal gammopathy, and Skin changes. This condition is characterized by the presence of a monoclonal plasma cell disorder, which leads to the production of abnormal proteins and the development of various symptoms. Let's explore the symptoms associated with each component of POEMS syndrome:

Polyneuropathy

Polyneuropathy is one of the hallmark features of POEMS syndrome. It refers to damage or dysfunction of multiple peripheral nerves throughout the body. Patients may experience symptoms such as:

• Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet


• Weakness or difficulty moving the limbs


• Burning pain


• Loss of sensation


• Impaired coordination and balance

Organomegaly

Organomegaly refers to the enlargement of certain organs in the body. In POEMS syndrome, the most commonly affected organs include the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Symptoms related to organomegaly may include:

• Abdominal pain or discomfort


• Feeling of fullness or bloating


• Swelling in the abdomen


• Enlarged lymph nodes that can be felt under the skin

Endocrinopathy

Endocrinopathy refers to abnormalities in hormone production and regulation. In POEMS syndrome, endocrine dysfunction can affect various glands in the body, leading to symptoms such as:

• Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism


• Diabetes mellitus


• Adrenal insufficiency


• Sexual dysfunction


• Changes in menstrual cycles

Monoclonal Gammopathy

Monoclonal gammopathy is the presence of an abnormal protein called a monoclonal gammopathy in the blood. This protein is produced by abnormal plasma cells. In POEMS syndrome, the monoclonal gammopathy is typically of the IgA or IgG type. The presence of monoclonal gammopathy can lead to various symptoms, including:

• Anemia


• Increased susceptibility to infections


• Easy bruising or bleeding


• High blood viscosity

Skin Changes

Skin changes are another characteristic feature of POEMS syndrome. These changes can vary widely and may include:

• Hyperpigmentation (darkening) or hypopigmentation (lightening) of the skin


• Thickening or thinning of the skin


• Increased hair growth


• Clubbing of the fingers or toes


• Skin lesions or plaques

It is important to note that not all individuals with POEMS syndrome will experience all of these symptoms. The presentation of the syndrome can vary from person to person. Additionally, other symptoms that may be associated with POEMS syndrome include weight loss, fatigue, edema (swelling), and respiratory problems.

If you suspect you may have POEMS syndrome or are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate management.