How do I know if I have Polyarteritis Nodosa?

Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) is a rare autoimmune disease that affects the medium-sized arteries in the body. It primarily affects the arteries supplying blood to the muscles, joints, intestines, kidneys, and skin. PAN can be a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention, so it is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms that may indicate its presence.

1. Systemic Symptoms: PAN often presents with general symptoms that affect the entire body. These may include fever, fatigue, weight loss, and night sweats. These systemic symptoms are non-specific and can be seen in various other conditions as well, so it is important to consider them in conjunction with other signs.

2. Musculoskeletal Symptoms: PAN can cause muscle and joint pain, stiffness, and weakness. These symptoms may be localized or affect multiple areas of the body. Joint inflammation and swelling can also occur, resembling symptoms of arthritis.

3. Gastrointestinal Symptoms: PAN can affect the blood vessels supplying the intestines, leading to abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In severe cases, it can cause intestinal bleeding or bowel perforation, which requires immediate medical attention.

4. Skin Symptoms: Skin manifestations are common in PAN and can vary widely. They may include rashes, ulcers, nodules, or livedo reticularis (a mottled, purplish discoloration of the skin). These skin changes often occur over the affected arteries.

5. Renal Symptoms: PAN can affect the kidneys, leading to high blood pressure, decreased urine output, blood in the urine, or even kidney failure. Monitoring kidney function is crucial in diagnosing and managing PAN.

6. Neurological Symptoms: In some cases, PAN can involve the blood vessels supplying the nervous system. This can result in neurological symptoms such as headaches, seizures, sensory changes, muscle weakness, or even stroke.

If you are experiencing any combination of these symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation. PAN is a complex disease that requires specialized medical expertise for diagnosis and management. Your doctor may perform various tests, including blood tests, imaging studies, and possibly a biopsy of affected tissues, to confirm or rule out PAN.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing PAN and preventing complications. Treatment typically involves a combination of medications to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation. Regular follow-up with your healthcare provider is essential to monitor disease activity and adjust treatment as needed.