Polycythemia Vera (PV) is a rare blood disorder characterized by the overproduction of red blood cells in the bone marrow. It falls under the category of myeloproliferative neoplasms, a group of conditions where the bone marrow produces too many blood cells.
In PV, the excess red blood cells can cause the blood to become thicker, leading to complications such as blood clots, which can block blood flow to organs and tissues. This can result in serious health issues like stroke, heart attack, or deep vein thrombosis.
The exact cause of PV is unknown, but it is believed to involve genetic mutations in the bone marrow cells. PV is typically diagnosed in older adults and may present with symptoms like fatigue, headaches, dizziness, itching, and enlarged spleen.
Treatment for PV aims to reduce the risk of blood clots and manage symptoms. Therapies may include phlebotomy (removal of blood), medication to control blood cell production, and aspirin to prevent clotting. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare professional are crucial for managing PV effectively.