Which are the symptoms of Pre-eclampsia?

Symptoms of Pre-eclampsia

Pre-eclampsia is a serious condition that can occur during pregnancy, typically after the 20th week. It is characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs, most commonly the liver and kidneys. If left untreated, pre-eclampsia can lead to life-threatening complications for both the mother and the baby. Recognizing the symptoms of pre-eclampsia is crucial for early detection and appropriate medical intervention.

1. High Blood Pressure

One of the primary symptoms of pre-eclampsia is high blood pressure, also known as hypertension. Blood pressure readings consistently above 140/90 mm Hg are considered high. However, it's important to note that high blood pressure alone does not necessarily indicate pre-eclampsia, as it can occur in normal pregnancies as well.

2. Proteinuria

Proteinuria refers to the presence of excess protein in the urine. It is a key indicator of pre-eclampsia. During pregnancy, the kidneys filter waste products, including protein, from the blood. However, when the kidneys are damaged due to pre-eclampsia, they may allow protein to leak into the urine. This can be detected through a simple urine test.

3. Swelling

Swelling, also known as edema, is a common symptom experienced by pregnant women. However, excessive or sudden swelling, particularly in the hands, face, legs, or feet, can be a sign of pre-eclampsia. This swelling is caused by fluid retention and can be accompanied by rapid weight gain.

4. Headaches

Headaches are another symptom that may indicate pre-eclampsia. These headaches can range from mild to severe and may not respond to over-the-counter pain medications. If you experience persistent or severe headaches during pregnancy, it is important to consult your healthcare provider.

5. Visual Disturbances

Visual disturbances, such as blurred vision, sensitivity to light, or temporary loss of vision, can occur in women with pre-eclampsia. These symptoms may be indicative of increased pressure on the optic nerve or other eye-related complications. If you notice any changes in your vision, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly.

6. Abdominal Pain

Abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right quadrant, can be a symptom of pre-eclampsia. This pain may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, or a general feeling of discomfort. It can indicate liver involvement and should not be ignored.

7. Reduced Fetal Movement

Pre-eclampsia can affect the blood flow to the placenta, potentially compromising the baby's well-being. As a result, reduced fetal movement may be observed. If you notice a significant decrease in your baby's movements, it is crucial to contact your healthcare provider immediately.

8. Shortness of Breath

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing can occur in severe cases of pre-eclampsia. This symptom may be a result of fluid accumulation in the lungs or reduced oxygen supply to the body. If you experience sudden or severe shortness of breath, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly.

9. Other Symptoms

In addition to the aforementioned symptoms, pre-eclampsia can also present with other signs, including nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal pain, changes in liver function tests, decreased urine output, and a general feeling of malaise. These symptoms, when combined with high blood pressure and proteinuria, should raise concerns about pre-eclampsia.

It is important to note that pre-eclampsia can develop without any noticeable symptoms, making regular prenatal check-ups and monitoring essential for early detection and management.

If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above, it is crucial to contact your healthcare provider immediately. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate medical care are vital for the well-being of both the mother and the baby.