Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease that primarily affects the bile ducts within the liver. It is characterized by the progressive destruction of these small bile ducts, leading to impaired bile flow. Bile is a substance produced by the liver that helps in the digestion and absorption of fats.
PBC is considered an autoimmune disease, meaning that the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy cells. Over time, this immune response causes inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts, eventually leading to liver damage.
Common symptoms of PBC include fatigue, itching, dry eyes and mouth, and abdominal discomfort. If left untreated, it can progress to more severe complications such as cirrhosis and liver failure.
Diagnosis of PBC involves blood tests to detect specific antibodies and liver function tests. Imaging techniques like ultrasound or MRI may also be used to assess the liver's condition. A liver biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment aims to slow down the progression of the disease, manage symptoms, and prevent complications. Medications such as ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) are commonly prescribed to improve liver function. Liver transplantation may be considered in advanced cases.