Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts inside and outside the liver. It primarily affects middle-aged individuals and is more common in men than women. PSC is considered an autoimmune condition, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the bile ducts, leading to their narrowing and obstruction. This can result in bile accumulation, liver damage, and eventually liver cirrhosis.
Common symptoms of PSC include fatigue, itching, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, and weight loss. However, some individuals may not experience any symptoms initially. PSC is often associated with other autoimmune conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly ulcerative colitis.
Diagnosis of PSC involves a combination of medical history evaluation, blood tests, imaging studies (such as MRI or ERCP), and liver biopsy. While there is no cure for PSC, treatment focuses on managing symptoms, preventing complications, and slowing disease progression. This may involve medications to reduce inflammation, relieve symptoms, and manage associated conditions. In severe cases, liver transplantation may be necessary.
It is important for individuals with PSC to receive regular medical monitoring and follow-up care to manage their condition effectively.