Proctitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the rectal lining, which can lead to various uncomfortable symptoms. There are several potential causes of proctitis, ranging from infections to inflammatory bowel diseases. Understanding the underlying causes is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Infectious proctitis can occur due to various pathogens, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, and syphilis. These infections are typically transmitted through sexual contact and can lead to inflammation and irritation of the rectum.
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are two types of IBD that can cause proctitis. In ulcerative colitis, inflammation is limited to the rectum and colon, while Crohn's disease can affect any part of the digestive tract. The exact cause of IBD is unknown, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response.
Radiation proctitis can develop as a side effect of radiation therapy for various cancers in the pelvic region, such as prostate, cervical, or rectal cancer. The radiation damages the rectal lining, leading to inflammation and symptoms like rectal bleeding, pain, and diarrhea.
Some autoimmune disorders, such as ulcerative proctitis, can specifically target the rectum. In this condition, the immune system mistakenly attacks the rectal lining, causing inflammation and ulcers.
Physical trauma to the rectum, such as rectal injury during childbirth, anal intercourse, or medical procedures, can result in proctitis. The trauma disrupts the normal rectal tissue, leading to inflammation and potential infection.
Some medications, particularly those used for treating inflammatory bowel diseases or suppressing the immune system, can cause proctitis as a side effect. These medications may disrupt the balance of the rectal lining, leading to inflammation.
In rare cases, allergic reactions to certain foods, medications, or other substances can trigger proctitis. The immune system reacts to the allergen, causing inflammation and irritation in the rectum.
It is important to note that the specific cause of proctitis may vary from person to person. Proper diagnosis by a healthcare professional is essential to determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.