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What is the prevalence of Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?

How many people does Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy affect? Does it have the same prevalence in men and women? And in the different countries?

Prevalence of Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and potentially fatal viral infection that affects the central nervous system. It is caused by the JC virus and primarily affects individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.


The prevalence of PML varies depending on the underlying condition, with higher rates observed in certain patient populations. For example, in individuals with HIV/AIDS, the prevalence of PML is estimated to be around 1-5%. In patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for conditions like multiple sclerosis, the prevalence is lower, ranging from 0.09-0.4%.


Due to its rarity, PML remains a relatively uncommon condition. However, it is crucial for healthcare providers to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms associated with PML to ensure early detection and appropriate management.



Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and potentially life-threatening viral infection that affects the central nervous system. It is caused by the reactivation of the JC virus, which is normally present in a dormant state in many individuals.


The prevalence of PML is relatively low, with an estimated incidence rate of 1 to 5 cases per 100,000 people in the general population. However, the risk of developing PML increases significantly in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, organ transplant recipients, or individuals receiving certain immunosuppressive therapies.


PML is a serious condition that can lead to severe neurological deficits and, in some cases, death. Early diagnosis and prompt management are crucial for improving outcomes. The symptoms of PML may include progressive weakness, cognitive impairment, visual disturbances, and difficulties with coordination.


Treatment options for PML are limited, and there is no specific antiviral therapy available. The primary approach involves managing the underlying condition and providing supportive care to alleviate symptoms. Close monitoring and regular follow-up are essential for individuals at risk of developing PML.


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