How is Psittacosis diagnosed?

Diagnosis of Psittacosis

Psittacosis, also known as parrot fever, is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci. It primarily affects birds but can also be transmitted to humans. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and prevention of complications.

Clinical Evaluation: The diagnosis of psittacosis begins with a thorough clinical evaluation. The healthcare provider will review the patient's medical history, including recent exposure to birds or bird droppings. They will also inquire about symptoms such as fever, headache, cough, and muscle aches.

Physical Examination: A physical examination may reveal signs such as an elevated body temperature, enlarged lymph nodes, and respiratory distress. These findings, combined with the patient's history, can raise suspicion of psittacosis.

Laboratory Tests: Laboratory tests play a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis of psittacosis. The following tests are commonly used:

• PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): This test detects the genetic material of Chlamydia psittaci in samples collected from the patient, such as respiratory secretions or blood. PCR is highly sensitive and specific, providing rapid and accurate results.


• Serology: Blood tests can detect antibodies produced by the immune system in response to the infection. A rise in antibody levels over time indicates an active or recent infection. Serological tests include complement fixation, microimmunofluorescence, and enzyme immunoassay.


• Culture: Culturing the bacteria from respiratory secretions or other samples can definitively confirm the diagnosis. However, this method is time-consuming and requires specialized laboratory facilities.

Chest X-ray: A chest X-ray may be performed to evaluate the extent of lung involvement and rule out other respiratory conditions.

Other Investigations: In some cases, additional tests such as complete blood count, liver function tests, and renal function tests may be ordered to assess the overall health status and detect any complications.

It is important to consult a healthcare professional if psittacosis is suspected. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment with antibiotics, such as doxycycline, can effectively manage the infection and prevent complications.