Q Fever is a bacterial infection caused by the microorganism Coxiella burnetii. It is primarily transmitted to humans from animals, particularly livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goats. The bacteria can be found in the urine, feces, milk, and birth products of infected animals.
Q Fever can be contracted by inhaling contaminated dust particles, consuming unpasteurized dairy products, or through direct contact with infected animals. It is important to note that person-to-person transmission is rare.
Most individuals infected with Coxiella burnetii experience mild symptoms or remain asymptomatic. However, some may develop acute Q Fever, characterized by sudden onset of high fever, severe headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. In rare cases, chronic Q Fever can occur, leading to more serious complications such as endocarditis (inflammation of the heart lining) or hepatitis.
Diagnosis of Q Fever involves blood tests to detect antibodies against the bacteria. Treatment typically involves the use of antibiotics, such as doxycycline, to eliminate the infection. It is crucial to seek medical attention if symptoms suggestive of Q Fever arise, especially after exposure to animals or their products.
Prevention measures include practicing good hygiene, wearing protective clothing when handling animals, and ensuring proper cooking and pasteurization of dairy products. Vaccination against Q Fever is available in some countries for individuals at high risk of exposure.