Which are the causes of Reactive Arthritis?

Reactive arthritis, also known as Reiter's syndrome, is a type of inflammatory arthritis that typically occurs as a reaction to an infection in another part of the body. It is characterized by joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, along with other symptoms such as inflammation of the eyes, urinary tract, and skin.

The exact cause of reactive arthritis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be triggered by an infection, usually in the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract. The immune system's response to the infection leads to the development of reactive arthritis in susceptible individuals.

Bacterial infections are the most common triggers for reactive arthritis. The bacteria that commonly cause this condition include:

• Chlamydia trachomatis: This sexually transmitted bacterium is a common cause of reactive arthritis, particularly in young sexually active individuals.


• Salmonella: Certain strains of Salmonella, which are usually acquired through contaminated food or water, can lead to reactive arthritis.


• Shigella: Infection with Shigella bacteria, often resulting from consuming contaminated food or water, can also trigger reactive arthritis.


• Yersinia: Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, bacteria found in contaminated food or water, are known to cause reactive arthritis.


• Campylobacter: This bacterial infection is commonly associated with gastroenteritis and can lead to reactive arthritis in some cases.

It is important to note that not everyone who contracts these infections will develop reactive arthritis. Genetic factors are thought to play a role in determining an individual's susceptibility to the condition. Certain genetic markers, such as the HLA-B27 gene, have been associated with an increased risk of developing reactive arthritis.

Reactive arthritis is an autoimmune response, meaning that the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, including the joints, as a result of the initial infection. This immune response leads to inflammation and the characteristic symptoms of reactive arthritis.

While infections are the primary triggers for reactive arthritis, other factors such as environmental and hormonal influences may also contribute to the development of the condition. However, more research is needed to fully understand these potential causes.

Overall, reactive arthritis is a complex condition with multiple potential causes. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms suggestive of reactive arthritis, as early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the symptoms and prevent long-term complications.