Which are the causes of Restless Leg Syndrome?

Causes of Restless Leg Syndrome

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs. This condition can cause discomfort and disrupt sleep, leading to significant impairment in quality of life. While the exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, several factors have been identified as potential contributors to the development of this condition.

1. Genetics

Genetic factors play a significant role in the development of Restless Leg Syndrome. Studies have shown that individuals with a family history of RLS are more likely to develop the condition themselves. Certain gene variants have been identified, particularly those related to the regulation of iron levels in the brain, which may increase the risk of RLS.

2. Dopamine Dysfunction

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of movement and sensations. Research suggests that an imbalance or dysfunction in the dopamine system may contribute to the development of RLS. Dopamine plays a crucial role in controlling muscle movements, and alterations in its levels or receptors in the brain may lead to the characteristic symptoms of RLS.

3. Iron Deficiency

Iron deficiency is another potential cause of Restless Leg Syndrome. Iron is essential for the production of dopamine, and low levels of iron in the brain may disrupt dopamine function. Studies have shown that individuals with RLS often have lower iron levels or impaired iron transport in the brain. Iron deficiency can be caused by various factors, including inadequate dietary intake, blood loss, or certain medical conditions.

4. Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a unique period in a woman's life that can trigger or worsen RLS symptoms. The exact reason behind this association is not fully understood, but hormonal changes, iron deficiency, and increased blood volume during pregnancy are believed to contribute. RLS symptoms during pregnancy often resolve after delivery, but they can significantly impact sleep quality and overall well-being during pregnancy.

5. Chronic Diseases

Chronic diseases such as kidney failure, diabetes, and peripheral neuropathy have been linked to an increased risk of developing Restless Leg Syndrome. The underlying mechanisms connecting these conditions to RLS are not yet fully elucidated, but it is believed that the disruption of nerve signaling or alterations in dopamine function due to these diseases may contribute to the development of RLS.

6. Medications and Substances

Certain medications and substances have been associated with the onset or worsening of RLS symptoms. Antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihistamines, and some anti-nausea drugs are among the medications that may trigger or exacerbate RLS. Additionally, caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol consumption have been linked to increased RLS symptoms in some individuals.

7. Other Factors

Other factors that may contribute to Restless Leg Syndrome include:

• Age: RLS can occur at any age, but it becomes more prevalent with increasing age.


• Gender: Women are more likely to develop RLS than men.


• Chronic pain: Individuals with chronic pain conditions, such as fibromyalgia or arthritis, may have a higher risk of RLS.


• Stress and fatigue: Stress and fatigue can exacerbate RLS symptoms, although they are not considered direct causes.

It is important to note that while these factors are associated with Restless Leg Syndrome, not everyone with these risk factors will develop the condition. The interplay between genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and individual characteristics likely contributes to the development of RLS.