How do I know if I have Rheumatic Fever?

Rheumatic fever is a serious inflammatory condition that can develop as a complication of untreated or inadequately treated strep throat or scarlet fever. It primarily affects children between the ages of 5 and 15, but can also occur in adults. Rheumatic fever can cause long-term damage to the heart, joints, skin, and brain if left untreated. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of this condition to seek prompt medical attention.

1. History of Strep Throat: Rheumatic fever usually occurs after a strep throat infection. If you have recently had a sore throat caused by streptococcal bacteria and did not receive proper treatment, you may be at risk.

2. Joint Pain and Swelling: One of the hallmark symptoms of rheumatic fever is joint pain and swelling, particularly in the larger joints such as the knees, ankles, elbows, and wrists. The pain may migrate from one joint to another.

3. Fever: Rheumatic fever often presents with a high-grade fever, typically above 101°F (38.3°C). The fever may persist for several weeks.

4. Skin Rash: A characteristic rash known as erythema marginatum may appear in some cases. It usually starts as pink, flat, non-itchy patches that spread and form a snake-like pattern.

5. Cardiac Symptoms: Rheumatic fever can affect the heart, leading to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, and fatigue. These symptoms may indicate inflammation of the heart valves (rheumatic heart disease).

6. Sydenham's Chorea: In some instances, rheumatic fever can cause involuntary jerking movements, known as Sydenham's chorea. These movements primarily affect the face, hands, and feet.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional immediately. Rheumatic fever is diagnosed based on a combination of clinical signs, medical history, and laboratory tests. Your doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of streptococcal antibodies or signs of inflammation. They may also perform an electrocardiogram (ECG) or echocardiogram to assess heart function.

Remember: Early diagnosis and treatment of strep throat with antibiotics can help prevent the development of rheumatic fever. If you suspect you may have rheumatic fever, do not delay seeking medical attention as it can lead to serious complications.