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What are the latest advances in Rheumatic Fever?
Here you can see the latest advances and discoveries made regarding Rheumatic Fever.
Translated from spanish
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The disease can have an intensity and distinct evolution, as studied with different associations with clinical variables; thus, there are forms of joint pure (mono or poliarticulares); forms with chorea or carditis isolated, and forms with associations that indicate more severity, such as carditis with erythema and/or nodules.
Infections by gram-positive bacteria have become, lately, in a clinical problem and therapeutic, both by the increase in their frequency and virulence and for the emergence of resistance to antibiotics. We refer to Streptococcus pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, and S. viridans; Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Enterococcus40. There are a number of reasons to explain this resurgence of the role of the streptococcus in the pathology of our environment:
1. Since the year 1985, we have reported some outbreaks of showers, but in Spain have not been confirmed. Has been tested only to the increase in cases of scarlet fever.
2. In skin infections, S. pyogenes has gone on to take the second place after S. aureus.
3. The etiological agent of pharyngitis in children older than 5 years continues to be S. pyogenes.
4. In recent years there have been reports of new clinical forms of streptococcal infection, such as necrotizing fasciitis (nf) and perianal disease, known since 1924 and 1966, respectively.
5. The invasive diseases due to S. pyogenes, as bacterial infections and infections of the soft parts, have increased in frequency. In 1987 he described the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
6. There has been progress in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the invasive ways. It is known that serotypes M (1, 3, 16) causing the FR are also responsible for the most serious forms of infection in connection with the production of exotoxins A, B, and C, which correspond with the toxins eritrógenas and pirógenas of scarlet fever. These toxins act as superantigens capable of stimulating t-cells.
7. The diagnosis of pharyngitis by S. pyogenes is, now, easier, due to the development of detection techniques fast, in the throat smear.
8. S. pyogenes remains sensitive to penicillin, despite increasing cases of resistance to erythromycin. Yes, cases have been reported of failures of bacteriological (non-clinical) of up to 30% in children treated with penicillin orally, so that in cases of recurrences is indicated the treatment with cephalosporins. All these reasons are explaining that streptococcal infections have become a problem of interés41-46.
Infections by gram-positive bacteria have become, lately, in a clinical problem and therapeutic, both by the increase in their frequency and virulence and for the emergence of resistance to antibiotics. We refer to Streptococcus pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, and S. viridans; Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Enterococcus40. There are a number of reasons to explain this resurgence of the role of the streptococcus in the pathology of our environment:
1. Since the year 1985, we have reported some outbreaks of showers, but in Spain have not been confirmed. Has been tested only to the increase in cases of scarlet fever.
2. In skin infections, S. pyogenes has gone on to take the second place after S. aureus.
3. The etiological agent of pharyngitis in children older than 5 years continues to be S. pyogenes.
4. In recent years there have been reports of new clinical forms of streptococcal infection, such as necrotizing fasciitis (nf) and perianal disease, known since 1924 and 1966, respectively.
5. The invasive diseases due to S. pyogenes, as bacterial infections and infections of the soft parts, have increased in frequency. In 1987 he described the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
6. There has been progress in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the invasive ways. It is known that serotypes M (1, 3, 16) causing the FR are also responsible for the most serious forms of infection in connection with the production of exotoxins A, B, and C, which correspond with the toxins eritrógenas and pirógenas of scarlet fever. These toxins act as superantigens capable of stimulating t-cells.
7. The diagnosis of pharyngitis by S. pyogenes is, now, easier, due to the development of detection techniques fast, in the throat smear.
8. S. pyogenes remains sensitive to penicillin, despite increasing cases of resistance to erythromycin. Yes, cases have been reported of failures of bacteriological (non-clinical) of up to 30% in children treated with penicillin orally, so that in cases of recurrences is indicated the treatment with cephalosporins. All these reasons are explaining that streptococcal infections have become a problem of interés41-46.
Posted Aug 1, 2017 by MelanieMolina 2050
