How is SAPHO syndrome diagnosed?
See how SAPHO syndrome is diagnosed. Which specialists are essential to meet, what tests are needed and other useful information for the diagnosis of SAPHO syndrome
SAPHO syndrome is a rare condition that affects the bones, joints, and skin. Diagnosing SAPHO syndrome can be challenging as its symptoms can mimic other diseases. However, there are several methods that healthcare professionals use to identify and confirm the presence of SAPHO syndrome.
Medical history and physical examination: The first step in diagnosing SAPHO syndrome is a thorough evaluation of the patient's medical history and a physical examination. The doctor will ask about the symptoms experienced, their duration, and any previous medical conditions. They will also examine the affected areas, looking for signs of inflammation, swelling, or skin abnormalities.
Imaging tests: Imaging tests are crucial in diagnosing SAPHO syndrome. X-rays can reveal bone abnormalities, such as osteitis or hyperostosis, which are common in this condition. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans provide more detailed images of the bones, joints, and soft tissues, helping to identify inflammation and other changes.
Biopsy: In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. A small sample of tissue is taken from an affected area, such as the skin or bone, and examined under a microscope. This can help rule out other conditions and provide evidence of inflammation or infection.
Blood tests: Blood tests are often conducted to assess inflammation markers and rule out other conditions. Elevated levels of certain markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), can indicate inflammation in the body.
Other diagnostic tests: Depending on the specific symptoms and suspected complications, additional tests may be performed. These can include bone scans, computed tomography (CT) scans, or joint aspiration to analyze joint fluid.
It is important to note that SAPHO syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning other conditions with similar symptoms must be ruled out before confirming the presence of SAPHO syndrome. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation and collaboration between different specialists, such as rheumatologists, dermatologists, and orthopedic surgeons, may be necessary to reach a definitive diagnosis.
