Sickle Cell Anemia is a genetic blood disorder that primarily affects individuals of African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Indian descent. It is estimated that approximately 5% to 7% of the African population carries the sickle cell trait, while 1 in every 365 African-American births results in a child with sickle cell disease (SCD). In the United States, it is estimated that 70,000 to 100,000 people are living with SCD.
The prevalence of sickle cell anemia varies across different regions of the world. In sub-Saharan Africa, where the trait is most common, it is estimated that 1 in every 1,000 to 1,400 births is affected by SCD. In other regions, such as the Middle East, India, and the Mediterranean, the prevalence is lower but still significant.
Sickle cell anemia is a chronic condition that can cause severe complications, including pain crises, organ damage, and increased susceptibility to infections. Early diagnosis, comprehensive care, and advancements in treatment have improved the quality of life for individuals with SCD, but it remains a significant health concern, particularly in populations with a higher prevalence of the disease.