What is Sirenomelia

Sirenomelia, also known as mermaid syndrome, is an extremely rare congenital malformation that affects the lower limbs and other organs of the affected individual. It is characterized by the fusion of the legs, giving them a mermaid-like appearance. This condition occurs in approximately 1 in every 60,000 to 100,000 births.

Sirenomelia is typically associated with severe abnormalities in the genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems. The affected individuals often have a single lower limb, which may be partially or completely fused, and they may also have abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and intestines.

The exact cause of sirenomelia is still unknown, but it is believed to result from disruptions in the normal development of the lower limbs during embryogenesis. Various genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the development of this condition.

Diagnosis of sirenomelia is usually made during prenatal ultrasound examinations, where the fusion of the legs and other associated abnormalities can be detected. Unfortunately, the prognosis for individuals with sirenomelia is generally poor, as the condition is often incompatible with life due to the severe organ malformations.

Treatment options for sirenomelia are limited, and they primarily focus on managing the associated complications and providing supportive care. In some cases, surgical interventions may be performed to address specific abnormalities, but the overall outcome remains challenging.