Which are the symptoms of Sjogren?

Symptoms of Sjögren's Syndrome

Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the moisture-producing glands of the body, particularly the salivary glands and tear glands. This condition is characterized by dryness of the eyes and mouth, but it can also affect other parts of the body. The symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome can vary from person to person, but there are several common signs to look out for:

Dry Eyes

One of the hallmark symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome is dry eyes, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca. This can cause a gritty or burning sensation in the eyes, redness, sensitivity to light, and blurred vision. Dry eyes can lead to eye infections and corneal damage if left untreated.

Dry Mouth

Dry mouth, or xerostomia, is another common symptom of Sjögren's syndrome. It can make it difficult to speak, swallow, and taste food. The lack of saliva can also increase the risk of dental decay and oral infections. Some individuals may experience a sticky or thick feeling in the mouth.

Fatigue

Many people with Sjögren's syndrome experience persistent fatigue that is not relieved by rest. This overwhelming tiredness can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life. Fatigue in Sjögren's syndrome is often accompanied by a general feeling of malaise and lack of energy.

Joint Pain and Swelling

Sjögren's syndrome can cause joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, similar to symptoms seen in rheumatoid arthritis. The joints most commonly affected are the wrists, fingers, and knees. The pain and inflammation can vary in intensity and may be worse in the morning or after periods of inactivity.

Dry Skin and Rashes

Some individuals with Sjögren's syndrome may experience dry skin, which can become itchy, cracked, or flaky. Skin rashes, such as annular erythema or subacute cutaneous lupus, may also occur. These rashes can be triggered or worsened by sun exposure.

Swollen Salivary Glands

Inflammation of the salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands located in front of the ears, can cause swelling and tenderness. This can make it difficult to open the mouth or chew. Swollen salivary glands may come and go, and the swelling can be more noticeable after eating.

Vaginal Dryness

Women with Sjögren's syndrome may experience vaginal dryness, which can lead to discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse. It can also increase the risk of vaginal infections.

Other Symptoms

In addition to the primary symptoms mentioned above, Sjögren's syndrome can also manifest with a range of other symptoms, including:

• Muscle and joint pain: Some individuals may experience muscle aches and stiffness, as well as pain in the joints.


• Swollen lymph nodes: Enlarged lymph nodes, particularly those in the neck and under the jaw, may be present.


• Respiratory issues: Dryness in the airways can cause a chronic cough, hoarseness, or difficulty breathing.


• Digestive problems: Sjögren's syndrome can affect the digestive system, leading to issues such as acid reflux, difficulty swallowing, and abdominal pain.


• Peripheral neuropathy: Some individuals may experience numbness, tingling, or weakness in the extremities.


• Raynaud's phenomenon: In some cases, Sjögren's syndrome can cause the blood vessels in the fingers and toes to constrict, resulting in coldness, color changes, and numbness in these areas.

If you suspect you may have Sjögren's syndrome or are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate management.