Which are the symptoms of Sneddon Syndrome?

Sneddon Syndrome: Symptoms and Signs

Sneddon Syndrome is a rare, progressive disorder characterized by the combination of cerebrovascular disease and livedo reticularis, a skin condition. It primarily affects young to middle-aged adults, with women being more commonly affected than men. The exact cause of Sneddon Syndrome is unknown, but it is believed to involve an autoimmune or inflammatory process.

Livedo Reticularis: One of the hallmark symptoms of Sneddon Syndrome is livedo reticularis, which refers to a mottled, net-like pattern on the skin. This discoloration is typically seen on the limbs, particularly the legs, and is more pronounced in cold temperatures. The skin may appear bluish or reddish, and the pattern may change with time.

Neurological Symptoms: Sneddon Syndrome is primarily a cerebrovascular disease, meaning it affects the blood vessels in the brain. As a result, individuals with this condition may experience a range of neurological symptoms, including:

• Stroke: Sneddon Syndrome increases the risk of ischemic stroke, which occurs when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel in the brain. Symptoms of stroke may include sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, severe headache, and loss of coordination.


• Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs): TIAs, also known as mini-strokes, are temporary episodes of reduced blood flow to the brain. They can cause similar symptoms to a stroke but typically resolve within a few minutes to hours.


• Cognitive Impairment: Sneddon Syndrome can lead to cognitive decline, including problems with memory, attention, and executive functions. Some individuals may develop dementia over time.


• Headaches: Chronic headaches, including migraines, are common in Sneddon Syndrome. These headaches may be severe and debilitating.

Other Symptoms: Sneddon Syndrome can also affect other organs and systems in the body, leading to additional symptoms such as:

• Cardiovascular Issues: Some individuals may develop high blood pressure, heart valve abnormalities, or other cardiovascular complications.


• Renal Involvement: Sneddon Syndrome can affect the kidneys, leading to proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine) and renal impairment.


• Eye Problems: Ocular manifestations, such as retinal artery occlusion or retinal hemorrhages, may occur in Sneddon Syndrome.


• Recurrent Miscarriages: Women with Sneddon Syndrome may have an increased risk of recurrent miscarriages.

It is important to note that the symptoms and severity of Sneddon Syndrome can vary widely among individuals. Some may experience mild symptoms, while others may have more severe and debilitating manifestations.

If you suspect you or someone you know may have Sneddon Syndrome, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate management.