Which are the causes of Spina bifida?

Spina bifida is a congenital birth defect that affects the development of the spinal cord and the surrounding bones. It occurs when the neural tube, which forms the baby's brain, spinal cord, and spinal column, does not close properly during the early stages of pregnancy. This condition can lead to various physical and neurological complications.

The exact causes of spina bifida are not fully understood, but several factors have been identified as potential contributors:

1. Genetic Factors: Research suggests that certain genetic mutations or variations may increase the risk of spina bifida. However, it is important to note that most cases of spina bifida occur in families with no history of the condition, indicating that genetic factors alone are not the sole cause.



2. Folic Acid Deficiency: Adequate intake of folic acid before and during early pregnancy is crucial for the proper development of the neural tube. Insufficient levels of folic acid in the mother's body can significantly increase the risk of spina bifida in the baby. Therefore, it is recommended that women of childbearing age take folic acid supplements or consume foods rich in this essential nutrient.



3. Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors during pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of spina bifida. These factors include maternal obesity, uncontrolled diabetes, and the use of certain medications (such as antiseizure drugs) that can interfere with the development of the neural tube.



4. Maternal Hyperthermia: Prolonged exposure to high temperatures, such as hot tubs or saunas, especially during the early stages of pregnancy, may increase the risk of spina bifida. It is advised for pregnant women to avoid activities that can cause overheating.



5. Other Factors: Some studies suggest that maternal vitamin B12 deficiency, certain viral infections (such as rubella), and exposure to certain chemicals or toxins may also play a role in the development of spina bifida. However, further research is needed to establish a definitive link.

It is important to note that prevention measures can significantly reduce the risk of spina bifida. Women who are planning to become pregnant or are already pregnant should consult with their healthcare providers to ensure they are taking appropriate steps to minimize the risk. This includes taking folic acid supplements, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding harmful substances, and following recommended prenatal care guidelines.

Early detection of spina bifida through prenatal screening tests can also help parents make informed decisions about their baby's healthcare needs and potential treatment options.

While the causes of spina bifida are not entirely known, understanding the potential factors involved can contribute to raising awareness, promoting prevention strategies, and supporting ongoing research to improve the outcomes for individuals affected by this condition.