How is Spina bifida diagnosed?

Spina bifida is a congenital condition that affects the development of the spinal cord and the surrounding bones. It occurs when the neural tube, which forms the baby's spine, fails to close properly during early pregnancy. This condition can vary in severity, with some individuals experiencing mild symptoms while others may have significant disabilities.

Diagnosing spina bifida typically involves a combination of prenatal screening tests and postnatal evaluations. Here are the main methods used to diagnose this condition:

Prenatal screening tests:

1. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) test: This blood test measures the levels of alpha-fetoprotein in the mother's blood. Elevated levels of this protein may indicate a higher risk of spina bifida or other neural tube defects. However, it is important to note that this test is not definitive and may lead to false positives or false negatives.

2. Ultrasound: An ultrasound scan can be performed between 18 and 20 weeks of pregnancy to visualize the baby's spine and detect any abnormalities. This non-invasive imaging technique can help identify the presence of spina bifida or other structural issues in the developing fetus.

Postnatal evaluations:

1. Physical examination: After birth, a doctor will conduct a thorough physical examination of the newborn. They will carefully inspect the baby's back for any visible signs of spina bifida, such as a sac-like protrusion or an opening in the spine.

2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): If spina bifida is suspected, an MRI scan may be recommended to obtain detailed images of the baby's spine and assess the extent of the condition. MRI can provide valuable information about the spinal cord, nerves, and surrounding structures.

3. Other diagnostic tests: In some cases, additional tests may be performed to evaluate the baby's neurological function and identify any associated complications. These tests may include X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, or other specialized imaging techniques.

It is important to note that the diagnosis of spina bifida can be emotionally challenging for parents. However, early detection allows for timely interventions and appropriate management strategies to be put in place to optimize the child's health and well-being.

If you suspect that you or your child may have spina bifida, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional who can provide accurate diagnosis, guidance, and support.