Which are the symptoms of Stevens Johnson Syndrome?

Symptoms of Stevens Johnson Syndrome

Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is a rare but serious disorder that affects the skin and mucous membranes. It is often triggered by an adverse reaction to medication or an infection. SJS can cause severe complications and requires immediate medical attention. Recognizing the symptoms of SJS is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. Here are the key symptoms to watch out for:

1. Rash

One of the initial signs of SJS is the development of a widespread rash. This rash typically starts as small, red or purple spots and quickly spreads to cover larger areas of the body. The rash may be flat or raised and can be extremely painful. It often appears on the face, trunk, and extremities.

2. Blisters

As the rash progresses, it may evolve into blisters or sores. These blisters can be filled with fluid and are prone to rupture, leaving raw and painful areas on the skin. The blisters can affect the mouth, nose, eyes, and genitals, making it difficult to eat, speak, or see.

3. Skin Shedding

One of the distinguishing features of SJS is the rapid shedding of the top layer of skin. This can lead to widespread peeling, similar to a severe burn. The skin may appear as if it has been scalded, and large areas may slough off, exposing the underlying layers. This process can be extremely painful and leave the body vulnerable to infections.

4. Pain and Discomfort

SJS is accompanied by significant pain and discomfort. The affected areas of the skin may feel tender, sore, or itchy. Pain can range from mild to severe and may require strong pain medications for relief. The discomfort can make it challenging to perform daily activities and can greatly impact the quality of life.

5. Fever

Many individuals with SJS experience a high fever, often exceeding 101°F (38.3°C). The fever is usually accompanied by other flu-like symptoms such as fatigue, headache, muscle aches, and general malaise. The body's immune response is heightened during SJS, leading to systemic symptoms.

6. Eye Involvement

SJS can affect the eyes, causing a condition known as conjunctivitis or "pink eye." The eyes may become red, swollen, and extremely sensitive to light. In severe cases, the conjunctiva, which is the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye, may become inflamed and lead to vision problems or even blindness.

7. Oral Lesions

Lesions in the mouth and throat are common in SJS. These can range from small ulcers to large, painful sores that make eating and swallowing difficult. The oral lesions can also extend to the lips, tongue, and gums, causing significant discomfort and interfering with proper nutrition and hydration.

8. Respiratory Symptoms

In some cases, SJS can affect the respiratory system, leading to symptoms such as coughing, difficulty breathing, and a sore throat. The airways may become inflamed and swollen, making it challenging to breathe properly. If respiratory symptoms occur, immediate medical attention is crucial.

9. Joint Pain

Joint pain, known as arthralgia, is another possible symptom of SJS. The pain can affect multiple joints and may be accompanied by swelling and stiffness. Joint pain can make movement difficult and further contribute to the overall discomfort experienced by individuals with SJS.

If you or someone you know experiences any of these symptoms, especially after starting a new medication or during an illness, it is essential to seek immediate medical attention. Stevens Johnson Syndrome is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent further complications and improve outcomes.