Which are the causes of Stomach cancer?

Causes of Stomach Cancer

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a type of cancer that develops in the lining of the stomach. It is a complex disease with multiple factors contributing to its development. While the exact cause of stomach cancer is not fully understood, several risk factors have been identified that increase the likelihood of developing this disease.

1. Helicobacter pylori infection

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the most significant risk factors for stomach cancer. This bacterium is commonly found in the stomach and can cause chronic inflammation, leading to the development of cancer over time. H. pylori infection is usually acquired during childhood and can persist for many years if left untreated.

2. Diet and lifestyle

Poor dietary choices and certain lifestyle factors can increase the risk of stomach cancer. A diet high in salty and smoked foods, pickled vegetables, and low in fruits and vegetables has been associated with a higher incidence of stomach cancer. Additionally, heavy alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and obesity have also been linked to an increased risk of developing this disease.

3. Family history and genetics

A family history of stomach cancer can significantly increase an individual's risk of developing the disease. Certain genetic mutations inherited from parents can make a person more susceptible to stomach cancer. For example, individuals with mutations in the CDH1 gene have a higher risk of developing a specific type of stomach cancer called hereditary diffuse gastric cancer.

4. Age and gender

Age and gender play a role in the development of stomach cancer. The risk of developing this disease increases with age, with most cases occurring in individuals over the age of 55. Men are also more likely to develop stomach cancer compared to women, although the reasons for this gender disparity are not fully understood.

5. Previous stomach surgeries

Individuals who have undergone certain stomach surgeries, such as partial gastrectomy (removal of part of the stomach) for treating conditions like peptic ulcers, have an increased risk of developing stomach cancer. This may be due to the altered anatomy and changes in stomach acid production that occur after these surgeries.

6. Pernicious anemia

Pernicious anemia, a condition characterized by the inability to absorb vitamin B12, has been associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer. The chronic inflammation resulting from this condition can contribute to the development of cancerous cells in the stomach lining.

7. Exposure to certain chemicals

Occupational exposure to certain chemicals, such as asbestos, coal dust, and certain metal dust, has been linked to an increased risk of stomach cancer. Additionally, exposure to high levels of radiation, such as during radiation therapy for other cancers, can also increase the risk of developing stomach cancer.

It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not guarantee the development of stomach cancer. Conversely, some individuals without any known risk factors may still develop the disease. Stomach cancer is a complex condition influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.