Which are the symptoms of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis?

Symptoms of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare and progressive neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system. It is caused by a persistent infection of the brain with the measles virus. SSPE primarily affects children and young adults who have had a previous measles infection, typically occurring several years after the initial infection.

The symptoms of SSPE can vary from person to person, and the progression of the disease can be slow or rapid. Early signs and symptoms may be subtle and easily overlooked, leading to delayed diagnosis. However, as the disease progresses, the symptoms become more pronounced and debilitating.

1. Behavioral and Personality Changes: One of the initial signs of SSPE is a change in behavior and personality. Affected individuals may become irritable, moody, or aggressive. They may also experience a decline in academic or occupational performance.

2. Cognitive Decline: As SSPE progresses, cognitive decline becomes evident. Individuals may have difficulty with memory, attention, concentration, and problem-solving. They may also experience a decline in intellectual abilities and have trouble understanding and processing information.

3. Seizures: Seizures are a common symptom of SSPE and can vary in frequency and severity. These seizures may present as generalized tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal seizures) or focal seizures (partial seizures). Seizures can cause loss of consciousness, muscle jerking, and convulsions.

4. Myoclonic Jerks: Myoclonic jerks are sudden, brief, and involuntary muscle twitches or spasms. These jerks can affect various muscle groups and may be more prominent during periods of wakefulness or physical activity.

5. Motor Abnormalities: SSPE can lead to motor abnormalities such as muscle stiffness (spasticity), muscle weakness, and difficulty with coordination and balance. These motor impairments can significantly impact an individual's ability to perform daily activities.

6. Vision and Hearing Problems: Some individuals with SSPE may experience vision and hearing problems. These can include blurred vision, loss of peripheral vision, hearing loss, and sensitivity to light and sound.

7. Dementia: As the disease progresses, individuals with SSPE may develop dementia, which is characterized by a decline in memory, thinking, and reasoning abilities. Dementia can significantly impair daily functioning and lead to confusion and disorientation.

8. Neurological Regression: SSPE causes a progressive deterioration of neurological function. Individuals may experience a loss of previously acquired skills, such as language, motor skills, and social interactions. This regression can be distressing for both the affected individual and their loved ones.

9. Coma and Vegetative State: In the advanced stages of SSPE, individuals may enter a coma or vegetative state. They may be unresponsive to stimuli and exhibit minimal brain activity.

It is important to note that the symptoms of SSPE can overlap with other neurological conditions, making diagnosis challenging. If you or someone you know is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention for a proper evaluation and diagnosis.