Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome synonyms

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS), also known as Wilkie's Syndrome, is a rare condition characterized by the compression of the third portion of the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the abdominal aorta. This compression leads to various gastrointestinal symptoms and can result in severe complications if left untreated.

The superior mesenteric artery is a major blood vessel that supplies blood to the small intestine. In individuals with SMAS, the angle between the SMA and the aorta becomes narrowed, causing compression on the duodenum. This compression can obstruct the passage of food and fluids through the digestive system, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.

SMAS can be caused by various factors, including rapid weight loss, prolonged bed rest, scoliosis, trauma, or surgery. Individuals with anatomical variations, such as a low-lying SMA or a high-riding duodenum, may also be more susceptible to developing SMAS.

Diagnosing SMAS can be challenging as its symptoms can mimic other gastrointestinal disorders. Medical professionals may use a combination of imaging tests, such as an upper gastrointestinal series or computed tomography (CT) scan, to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment options for SMAS aim to relieve the duodenal compression and manage symptoms.

Conservative management approaches include dietary modifications, such as consuming smaller and more frequent meals, and nutritional support to prevent weight loss. In some cases, nasojejunal feeding (feeding through a tube inserted into the small intestine) may be necessary to bypass the compressed area.

Surgical intervention may be required in severe cases or when conservative measures fail. Procedures such as duodenojejunostomy or gastrojejunostomy aim to bypass the compressed segment and restore normal intestinal flow.

Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial in preventing complications associated with SMAS. With proper treatment, individuals with SMAS can experience significant improvement in their symptoms and quality of life.