Which are the symptoms of Sweet Syndrome?

Symptoms of Sweet Syndrome

Sweet Syndrome, also known as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is a rare skin condition characterized by the sudden onset of fever, painful skin lesions, and inflammation. It primarily affects adults, although it can occur in children as well. The exact cause of Sweet Syndrome is unknown, but it is believed to be an abnormal immune response triggered by various factors such as infections, medications, or underlying health conditions.

Skin Lesions: The hallmark symptom of Sweet Syndrome is the development of tender, red or purple skin lesions. These lesions typically appear on the arms, neck, face, or trunk, but can occur anywhere on the body. They may start as small, raised bumps that quickly progress into larger, painful plaques. The lesions can be solitary or multiple, and they often have a characteristic "volcano-like" appearance with a central crater or ulceration.

Fever: Most individuals with Sweet Syndrome experience a high fever, often exceeding 38°C (100.4°F). The fever is usually accompanied by other flu-like symptoms such as fatigue, malaise, and general discomfort.

Joint Pain: Some people with Sweet Syndrome may develop joint pain and swelling, resembling symptoms of arthritis. The joints most commonly affected are the ankles, knees, wrists, and elbows. This can cause significant discomfort and limit mobility.

Eye Involvement: In rare cases, Sweet Syndrome can affect the eyes, leading to symptoms such as redness, pain, and blurred vision. This ocular involvement requires immediate medical attention to prevent complications.

Oral Ulcers: Sweet Syndrome can also cause painful ulcers or sores in the mouth, making it difficult to eat or drink. These oral ulcers may be accompanied by a metallic or bitter taste.

Systemic Symptoms: In addition to the skin manifestations, Sweet Syndrome can involve other organs and systems in the body. Some individuals may experience symptoms such as fatigue, headache, muscle aches, and weight loss. In severe cases, it can affect the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, or central nervous system.

Associated Conditions: Sweet Syndrome is sometimes associated with underlying health conditions, including certain cancers (particularly hematologic malignancies), autoimmune diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus), and infections (such as upper respiratory tract infections or gastrointestinal infections).

If you suspect you may have Sweet Syndrome or are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. A dermatologist or a healthcare professional specializing in skin disorders can evaluate your symptoms, perform necessary tests, and provide appropriate treatment options to manage the condition.