Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is a serious bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. It enters the body through a wound or cut and produces a toxin that affects the nervous system. The bacteria are commonly found in soil, dust, and animal feces.
The symptoms of tetanus usually appear within a few days to several weeks after infection. The most notable symptom is severe muscle stiffness and spasms, particularly in the jaw muscles, hence the name "lockjaw." Other symptoms may include difficulty swallowing, muscle rigidity, fever, sweating, and rapid heart rate.
Tetanus is a medical emergency as it can lead to life-threatening complications. The muscle spasms can become so severe that they cause fractures or breathing difficulties. Without prompt treatment, tetanus can be fatal.
Prevention of tetanus is crucial and is primarily achieved through vaccination. The tetanus vaccine is typically administered as part of routine childhood immunizations and requires periodic booster shots throughout life. It is essential to keep wounds clean and promptly seek medical attention for any deep or dirty wounds to minimize the risk of tetanus infection.
If you suspect you have been exposed to tetanus or are experiencing symptoms, seek immediate medical attention. Tetanus can be diagnosed based on symptoms and medical history, and treatment involves administering tetanus immune globulin and antibiotics to neutralize the toxin and control the infection.