Which are the causes of Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome?

Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome (TSCS) is a condition characterized by an abnormal attachment of the spinal cord to surrounding tissues, which restricts its movement and causes various neurological symptoms. The exact cause of TSCS is not always clear, but several factors have been identified as potential contributors to the development of this condition.

Spina Bifida: One of the primary causes of TSCS is spina bifida, a congenital condition where the spinal column does not fully close during fetal development. This incomplete closure can lead to the tethering of the spinal cord, resulting in TSCS. Spina bifida can occur in different forms, such as spina bifida occulta (mildest form) or myelomeningocele (most severe form), and the severity of the condition may influence the likelihood of developing TSCS.

Spinal Cord Tumors: Another potential cause of TSCS is the presence of spinal cord tumors. These tumors can develop within the spinal cord or in the surrounding tissues, leading to the tethering of the spinal cord. Tumors can exert pressure on the spinal cord, causing it to become attached to nearby structures and resulting in TSCS. Both benign and malignant tumors can contribute to the development of this condition.

Spinal Trauma: Traumatic injuries to the spine, such as fractures or dislocations, can also lead to TSCS. When the spine experiences a severe injury, it can disrupt the normal alignment and stability of the spinal cord. This disruption can cause the spinal cord to become tethered, resulting in TSCS. Trauma-related TSCS can occur due to accidents, falls, or sports injuries.

Spinal Surgeries: Surgeries involving the spine can sometimes lead to the development of TSCS. While spinal surgeries are often performed to alleviate symptoms or correct spinal abnormalities, they can inadvertently cause tethering of the spinal cord. Scar tissue formation or improper healing after surgery can result in the spinal cord becoming attached to nearby structures, leading to TSCS.

Other Factors: In some cases, TSCS may occur without an identifiable cause or may be associated with other underlying conditions. Conditions such as spinal lipomas (fatty tumors), spinal cord abnormalities, or connective tissue disorders like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome have been linked to the development of TSCS. Genetic factors may also play a role in predisposing individuals to this condition.

It is important to note that TSCS can present with a wide range of symptoms, including back pain, leg weakness, bladder or bowel dysfunction, and sensory abnormalities. If you suspect you or someone you know may have TSCS, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.