Which are the causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?

Causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a condition that occurs when the nerves or blood vessels in the thoracic outlet, a narrow space between the collarbone and first rib, become compressed. This compression can lead to various symptoms, including pain, numbness, and weakness in the neck, shoulder, arm, and hand. While the exact cause of TOS is often difficult to determine, there are several factors that can contribute to its development.

1. Anatomical abnormalities

Anatomical abnormalities, such as having an extra rib or an abnormal first rib, can increase the risk of developing TOS. These structural variations can narrow the thoracic outlet and put pressure on the nerves and blood vessels passing through it.

2. Poor posture

Consistently maintaining poor posture, such as slouching or rounding the shoulders forward, can contribute to the development of TOS. This posture can cause the muscles and soft tissues in the neck and shoulder region to become tight and compressed, leading to nerve and vascular compression.

3. Repetitive activities

Engaging in repetitive activities that involve the arms and shoulders, such as typing, carrying heavy loads, or playing certain sports, can increase the risk of developing TOS. These activities can lead to muscle imbalances, inflammation, and increased pressure on the thoracic outlet.

4. Trauma or injury

Previous trauma or injury to the neck, shoulder, or upper chest area can cause TOS. This includes fractures, dislocations, or muscle strains that result in scar tissue formation or structural changes, leading to compression of nerves and blood vessels.

5. Pregnancy

Pregnancy can also be a contributing factor to the development of TOS. The hormonal changes and weight gain during pregnancy can lead to increased pressure on the thoracic outlet, resulting in nerve and vascular compression.

6. Tumors or abnormal growths

In rare cases, tumors or abnormal growths in the neck or upper chest region can cause TOS. These growths can directly compress the nerves and blood vessels in the thoracic outlet, leading to the development of symptoms.

It is important to note that the causes of TOS can vary from person to person, and often multiple factors contribute to its development. If you suspect you may have TOS, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.