Triploidy is a genetic condition characterized by the presence of an extra set of chromosomes in an individual's cells. Normally, humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, but in triploidy, there are three copies of each chromosome instead of the usual two. This results in a total of 69 chromosomes instead of the normal 46.
Triploidy can occur due to errors during fertilization, where an egg is fertilized by two sperm or when a single sperm duplicates its chromosomes. It can also occur when both parents contribute an extra set of chromosomes.
Individuals with triploidy often experience severe developmental abnormalities and have a high risk of miscarriage or stillbirth. Common physical features may include growth retardation, facial abnormalities, and organ defects. Intellectual disabilities and learning difficulties are also common.
Diagnosis of triploidy is typically made through genetic testing, such as analyzing cells from a blood sample or a sample of the developing fetus. Unfortunately, there is no cure for triploidy, and treatment focuses on managing the associated symptoms and providing supportive care.